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七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)總結(jié)
總結(jié)是指社會(huì)團(tuán)體、企業(yè)單位和個(gè)人在自身的某一時(shí)期、某一項(xiàng)目或某些工作告一段落或者全部完成后進(jìn)行回顧檢查、分析評(píng)價(jià)，從而肯定成績(jī)，得到經(jīng)驗(yàn)，找出差距，得出教訓(xùn)和一些規(guī)律性認(rèn)識(shí)的一種書(shū)面材料，它能幫我們理順知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)，突出重點(diǎn)，突破難點(diǎn)，讓我們一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)寫(xiě)總結(jié)吧。那么總結(jié)應(yīng)該包括什么內(nèi)容呢？下面是小編幫大家整理的七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)總結(jié)，歡迎大家借鑒與參考，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)總結(jié)1
一、七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法--詞法
(一)名詞
1.名詞的數(shù)
我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：
(1)在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
(2)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
(3)①以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
�、谝栽糇帜讣觵結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
(4)以o結(jié)尾加s(外來(lái)詞)。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯
(5)以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
(6)單復(fù)數(shù)相同(不變的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
(7)一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒(méi)有單數(shù)的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
(8)單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學(xué), family家，家庭成員
(9)合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
(10)有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚(yú) fishes魚(yú)的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞
(11) 單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs
(12) 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
2.名詞的格
當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：
(1)單數(shù)在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
(2)復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’ Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day婦女節(jié)
(3)由and并列的名詞所有時(shí)，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)，只加最后一個(gè)’s，但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間)，Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)
(二)代詞
項(xiàng)目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞
人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性
第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself
復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves
第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself
復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves
第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves
(三)動(dòng)詞
1.第三人稱單數(shù)
當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)那樣加s，如下：
(1)一般在詞后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
(2)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes
(3)①以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
�、谝栽糇帜讣觵結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
(4)以o結(jié)尾加es。如：does, goes
(5)特殊的有：are-is, have-has
2.現(xiàn)在分詞
當(dāng)我們說(shuō)某人正在做什么事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：
(1)一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
(2)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母(注意除開(kāi)字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫(xiě)最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
(4)以ie結(jié)尾的`變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
(四)形容詞的級(jí)
我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí)，則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下：
(1) 一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
(2)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫(xiě)結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
(3) 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
(4)特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn))
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
(五)數(shù)詞 (基變序，有規(guī)則;一、二、三，自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結(jié)尾，變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法--句式
(一)陳述句
肯定陳述句
1. This is a book. (be動(dòng)詞)
2. He looks very young. (連系動(dòng)詞)
3. I want a sweat like this. (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)
4. I can bring some things to school. (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)
5. There’s a computer on my desk. (There be結(jié)構(gòu))
否定陳述句
1. These aren’t their books.
y don’t look nice.
3. Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School.
4. Kate can’t find her doll.
5. There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)
(二)祈使句
肯定祈使句
1. Please go and ask the man.
2. Let’s learn English!
3. Come in, please.
否定祈使句
1. Don’t be late.
2. Don’t hurry.
(三)疑問(wèn)句
1. 一般疑問(wèn)句
(1)Is Jim a student?
(2) Can I help you?
(3) Does she like salad?
(4) Do they watch TV?
(5) Is she reading?
肯定回答:
(1) Yes, he is.
(2) Yes, you can.
(3) Yes, she does.
(4) Yes, they do.
(5) Yes, she is.
否定回答:
(1) No, he isn’t.
(2) No, you can’t.
(3) No, she doesn’t.
(4) No, they don’t.
(5) No, she isn’t.
2. 選擇疑問(wèn)句
Is the table big or small?
回答 It’s big./ It’s small.
3.特殊疑問(wèn)句
(1) 問(wèn)年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
(2) 問(wèn)種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
(3) 問(wèn)身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
(4) 問(wèn)方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@.
(5) 問(wèn)原因 Why do you want to join the club?
(6) 問(wèn)時(shí)間 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.
When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.
(7) 問(wèn)地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.
(8) 問(wèn)顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.
What’s your favourite color? It’s black.
(9) 問(wèn)人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
(10) 問(wèn)東西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
(11) 問(wèn)姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.
What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.
What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.
(12) 問(wèn)哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the box.
(13) 問(wèn)字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.
(14) 問(wèn)價(jià)格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.
(15) 問(wèn)電話號(hào)碼 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.
(16) 問(wèn)謂語(yǔ)(動(dòng)作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.
(17) 問(wèn)職業(yè)(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher.
What’s your father? He’s a doctor.
三、七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法--時(shí)態(tài)
(一)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長(zhǎng)期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它有：
Be 動(dòng)詞：She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.
行為動(dòng)詞：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.
Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.
(二)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.
I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.
They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.
七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)總結(jié)2
1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般過(guò)去時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作感謝。
動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化：
�、臿m和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(was not=wasn’t)
�、芶re在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(were not=weren’t)
�、菐в衱as或were的'句子，其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問(wèn)句把was或were調(diào)到句首。
3.句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子
否定句：didn’t +動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday.
一般疑問(wèn)句：在句首加did，句子中的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變回原形。
如：Did Jim go home yesterday?
特殊疑問(wèn)句：⑴疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形?
如：What did Jim do yesterday?
�、埔蓡�(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)：疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式?
如：Who went to home yesterday?
動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則：
1.一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.結(jié)尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped
4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加-ed，如：study-studied
5.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式：
am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat
七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)總結(jié)3
1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v,再加-es，如：knife-knives
5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)總結(jié)4
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的.。
2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。
3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成
1. be動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：
I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。
2.行為動(dòng)詞：主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。如：
We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化
1. be動(dòng)詞的變化。
否定句：主語(yǔ)+ be + not +其它。
如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑問(wèn)句：Be +主語(yǔ)+其它。
如：-Are you a student?
-Yes. I am. / No, Im not.
特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：Where is my bike?
2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。
否定句：主語(yǔ)+ dont( doesnt ) +動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。如：
I dont like bread.
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesnt構(gòu)成否定句。如：
He doesnt often play.一般疑問(wèn)句：Do( Does ) +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。如：- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如：How does your father go to work?動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es，如：study-studies
七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)總結(jié)5
1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing.
3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。
4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的`一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首
5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：
疑問(wèn)詞不達(dá)意+ be +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞ing?
但疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為：
疑問(wèn)詞不達(dá)意+ be +動(dòng)詞ing?
動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking
2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste- tasting
3.如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping
�、趙ill+ do.
三、否定句：在be動(dòng)詞(am, is, are)l后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成won’t。
例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
四、一般疑問(wèn)句：be或will提到句首，some改為any, and改為or，第一二人稱互換。
例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
五、對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)。一般情況，一般將來(lái)時(shí)的對(duì)劃線部分有三種情況。
1.問(wèn)人。Who例如：I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.
2.問(wèn)干什么。What … do.例如：My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.
3.問(wèn)什么時(shí)候。When.例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed?
六、同義句：be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorro
七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)總結(jié)6
1、人稱代詞主格和賓格的區(qū)別：主格通常位于句中第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞之前(有時(shí)候位于than之后)，賓格一般位于動(dòng)詞或介詞之后。
2、物主代詞形容詞性與名詞性的區(qū)別：形容詞性用時(shí)后面一般要帶上名詞，名詞性則單獨(dú)使用，后面不帶名詞。
人稱代詞物主代詞
主格賓格形容詞性名詞性
我I me我的my mine
你，你們you you你的'，你們的your yours
他he him他的his his
她she her她的her hers
它it it它的its its
我們we us我們的our ours
他(她，它)們they them他(她，它)們的their theirs
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